Posted On: AUG-2023 | Categories : Healthcare
Medical treatment plans have largely been one-size-fits-all throughout the past few decades. Depending on the type of condition, doctors provide patients a variety of medications or treatments. The process of determining the best effective treatment with the fewest severe side effects is necessary since patients frequently respond differently to various medications. The practice of Precision Medicine is completely different. Based on each patient's unique biological makeup, it seeks to construct a detailed clinical picture of that person. Clinicians can find variations in genes, RNA, or proteins that may alter a patient's susceptibility to disease thanks to this depth of knowledge.
The market for Precision Medicine in 2022 was 538.93 Bn and will grow at a 7.20% CAGR during 2022-2030.
The National Health Service (NHS) asserts that understanding the role DNA plays in one's health is the foundation for personalized treatment, which will improve healthcare by delivering the four Ps:
• Illness prediction & prevention
• Detailed diagnoses
• Customized and focused approaches
• A greater role for patient participation.
The number of personalized medications on the market increased from 132 to 286 between 2016 and 2020, and they accounted for 25% of the new products approved by the FDA in 2019—a significant increase from 5% in 2005.
According to a 2001 Spear research, 75% of cancer therapies were generally ineffective in the patient population before the surge in Precision Medicine, which was highlighted in the latest analysis. In addition, an average of 38% of antidepressants, 40% of asthma medications, 43% of diabetes medications, 50% of rheumatoid arthritis medications, and 70% of Alzheimer's medications were unsuccessful.
The number of personalized medications under development has dramatically increased. By 2021, such medications accounted for 64% of all pharmaceuticals, up from 23% in 2013 and 51% in 2017. By 2021, 39% of all approved novel molecular entities (NMEs) would be designated as Precision Medicines, up from 9% in 2013 and 26% in 2016. Medications that are based on genetic information and biomarkers are referred to as Precision Medicines.
Nearly 40% of all approvals now fall under the category of Precision Medicine, and nearly all pharmaceuticals in research and development for cancer-related diseases and 60% of therapies in development for other diseases now rely on genetic information and biomarkers.
Personalized therapy is essential for treating cancer. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that approximately 1 in 6 people worldwide pass away from cancer. Additionally,
roughly 9.6 million deaths globally in 2018 were attributed to cancer. The market for Precision Medicine is expanding due to the rising number of cancer patients and the growing need for innovative cancer treatment methods.
According to data by the American Cancer Society, the country will experince more than 1.9 million new cases of cancer in 2023. According to the National Library of Medicine, India had a projected 1,461,427 cancer cases in 2022.
Precision drugs have made up around 35% of all therapeutic molecular entities that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved in four out of the past five years. They have made up over 25% of newly approved medications each year for the past seven. Additionally, a considerable number of brand-new Precision Medicine indications for already-approved medications and medication combinations have been approved in recent years.
Barriers to Precision Medicine
Although precision medicine has the potential to alter how diseases are treated, concerns concerning accessibility still exist. A key limiting aspect is the cost of genome sequencing; a typical test can cost over $5,000, and insurance company coverage varies greatly. There is a need for innovative methods of payer coverage because the costs of gene therapies & gen modified cell therapy are two main categories of precision medicines that can range to millions of dollars.
Impact of personalized healthcare in hospitals
Delivering high-quality care while taking into account a patient's genetics, risk factors, and demography is known as personalized healthcare. When treating patients, this level of care involves consulting medical records and taking previous ailments and prescriptions into account. Although this strategy might seem time-consuming, the growth and outcomes that Personalized Healthcare produces will show that it is worthwhile.
According to a prediction by Mikulic (2018), the Precision Medicine therapeutics market will expand by $60 to $140 billion by 2022, with personalized medical care accounting for 40% of the growth. Personalized medical care will expand from 24 to 56 billion dollars alone in the previous year.
The healthcare industry has utilized precision medicine approaches in different disorders like Alzheimer, cancer, etc. Mental Healthcare is one of the most recent fields where the precision medicine approach is applied.
Per the National Institute of Mental Health, one in five persons in the US has a mental disorder.
Even after receiving therapy, patients might have to go through a period of trial and error as doctors attempt to determine the best medication for them. Accessing adequate mental health care is a challenge on its own.
According to estimates, 1 in 10 individuals, or 970 million people worldwide, live with a mental condition. These numbers for anxiety and depressive disorders increased by 26% and 28%, respectively, due to the COVID-19 pandemic in just one year.
As per WHO, depression affects 280 million people globally, making it the most prevalent psychiatric condition and the main cause of disability.
Annual expenditures for mental diseases across the globe are projected to reach $6 trillion by 2030.
There are 3 main aims for developing a precise approach to psychiatry:
Identification of subtype profiles based on neurobiology & symptoms, taking into account life experience, and pertinent to influencing treatment decisions is crucial for precise classification.
Precise treatment planning: Although there are many effective therapies available, choosing the best one for a given patient sometimes involves trial and error and is not associated with a thorough knowledge of that patient's neurobiology.
Precise prevention: It is a focused, customized preventative measures
More options are required to meet the needs of people with depression
For people with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), it is crucial to prioritize functional wellbeing over solely relying on clinical responses.
With first-line, standard-of-care therapy, seven out of ten individuals with depression still experience residual symptoms, including anhedonia, sleep disturbance, poor cognition, anxiety, or exhaustion.
Precision medicine aims to combine clinical data with other patient information to pinpoint specific disease subtypes. This helps to improve the accuracy of identifying and treating patients. Companies like Janssen Research & Development, LLC is developing differentiated therapies for depression in patient subtypes. These programs are innovative clinical trial programs designed to realize this precision future in neuropsychiatry.
A three-year, $2.3 million grant has been given to researchers from the University of California, Irvine, Children's Hospital Orange County, and Chapman University to tackle the negative effects of adverse childhood experiences on health.
Utilizing a patient's genetic background, environmental factors, geographic location, lifestyle, and dietary habits, precision medicine develops a therapy strategy. With the help of various algorithms, artificial intelligence has been successful in classifying issues and resolving issues related to precision medicine, such as precise disease diagnosis, disease detection and prediction, and therapy optimization. AI algorithms can be used to learn (train) the processing of multidimensional datasets to capture variations and discover obscure phenotypic or genotypic features. It can also be used to identify illness responses, forecast disease risk, and predict outcomes for specific patients based on those individuals' unique traits.
Role of AI in Precision Medicine:
AI techniques are essential for locating the underlying genes and locus. The more prevalent missense mutations are still difficult for bioinformatics prediction to precisely categorize as harmful. Even separating out causative genes from those variations of uncertain importance remains a significant problem that is amenable to AI based solutions.
AI models have had some success in enhancing genetic diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders.
NDDs are genetic in origin, but environmental factors will have an impact on genetically determined brain patterning and, have the power to affect disease severity. The digitization initiatives that can generate genotype-phenotype relationships for genetic illnesses and have the ability to draw various phenotypic correlations and linkages have a substantial positive impact on the deployment of AI algorithms.
The variation in the phenotype of NDDs is significantly influenced by gene-gene interaction, yet there is no reliable AI method that can handle data of this magnitude. Therefore, by utilizing AI/ML algorithms, future work can be done to measure polygenetic score and gene-gene interactions.
The future of therapeutic intervention and drug design is AI models. There are already 51 targeted gene unique medicines for neurology and psychiatric conditions that have received FDA approval. The main goal of sequencing technology's development has been to make it easier to use early precision diagnosis. Recent advancements in genome editing techniques, like as CRISPR/cas9 and antisense oligonucleotide therapy, have made it possible for researchers to imitate cellular phenotype and better understand specific molecular goals.
Dartmouth opened its Center for Precision Health and Artificial Intelligence (CPHAI) on June 2023 In order to foster interdisciplinary research into how artificial intelligence (AI) and biomedical data might be utilized to improve precision medicine and health outcomes.
Researchers are working to improve advances in clinical decision-making, digital biomarkers, predictive analytics, and precision health by employing technologies like AI and machine learning.
Precision medicine is being transformed by the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the Latin America, Middle East, and Africa (LAMEA) area. The goal of this developing area of healthcare is to customize medical care to each patient's unique features, and AI is essential to making this a reality.
The adoption of AI in precision medicine is driven by the rising healthcare sector, the increasing rate of chronic disorders that need personalized approach, and the rising investment in AI in the LAMEA region.
Brazil and Mexico are early adopters of AI in healthcare. Precision medicine research and development is receiving significant funding from them. For instance, Albert Einstein Hospital, Brazil's largest healthcare provider, has collaborated with tech giant IBM to create an AI system that can anticipate sepsis, a potentially fatal infection that can be challenging to diagnose.
Middle East countries like UAE and Saudi Arabia are making investments in AI & precison medicine. The UAE's Strategy for Artificial Intelligence and the Saudi Vision 2030 both stress the significance of AI in healthcare and want to establish these nations as world leaders in this area.
The application of AI in precision medicine in Africa is still in its early stage but there are numerous area for development. For instance, a number of cutting-edge firms based in South Africa are enhancing healthcare delivery with AI. LifeQ is one such business that uses AI to examine physiological data and offer individualized health insights.
In 2022, personalized nutrition & wellness had a commanding market share of 57.82%. The widespread consumption rate and market penetration are the main drivers of the segment's growth. The American Heart Association reports in March 2022 that nutrition specialists are pursuing precision nutrition to fight cardiovascular disorders based on individuals' particular sensitivities to specific meals and nutrients.
The Precision Medicine therapeutics segment will expand at a CAGR of 10.71% due to the rise in demand for treatments based on genomics and biopharmaceuticals based on precisely sequenced data.
By application, oncology is the largest sector where Precision Medicine is utilized. The cardiovascular segment will expand at the quickest rate due to the growth in the frequency of CVS illnesses and the use of customized pharmaceuticals in treating them.
The hospitals & clinic segment led the market in terms of revenue in 2021 because hospitals provide specialized facilities for individualized treatments & solutions for various ailments.
North America is the largest regional market for Precision Medicine Due to the rising incidence of cancer, the growing number of authorizations given to personalized medication, and the presence of major companies in this region. For instance, the American Cancer Society journal projects that in 2022, there were 609,360 cancer deaths and 1.9 million newly diagnosed cancer cases in the United States. The market in the North American area is also driven by the rising number of authorizations given to personalized pharmaceuticals. For instance, the FDA approved or certified 12 tailored medications and seven diagnostics on February 25, 2020, in 2019, assisting suppliers with addressing the primary causes of disease and further combining precise medication with clinical treatment.
Europe market for Precision Medicine will grow rapidly because of the growing number of cancer patients and continued research and development efforts. Per the European Commission, 2.6 million individuals have been diagnosed with cancer claiming 1.2 million lives annually. The market in this area is being driven by an increase in research and development efforts.