Cloud Services Brokerage Market By Service Type (Integration, Sourcing & Procurement, Support & Maintenance); By Deployment Model (Public Cloud, Private Cloud, Hybrid Cloud); By Platform Type (Internal Brokerage Enablement, External Brokerage Enablement); By Organization Size (SMEs, Large Enterprises); By End User (BFSI, Healthcare, IT & Telecom, Retail & eCommerce, Government, Others); By Geography, Segment Revenue Estimation, Forecast, 2024–2030

Cloud Services Brokerage Market Summary

The Global Cloud Services Brokerage Market was valued at USD 8.3 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 21.2 billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 16.8%. Growth is driven by rising multi-cloud adoption, increasing cloud management complexity, enterprise cost optimization requirements, and demand for centralized cloud governance solutions.

 

Enterprise cloud environments are becoming increasingly complex, with 89% of organizations adopting multi-cloud strategies and approximately 70–73% operating hybrid cloud environments. Organizations use an average of 2.4 public cloud providers, increasing the need for platforms that provide unified visibility, workload management, security governance, and cost control across multiple cloud ecosystems.

 

Cloud migration continues to accelerate, with more than half of enterprise workloads running on public cloud platforms and approximately 51% of enterprise data stored in public cloud environments. As organizations deploy more cloud-native applications, including containerized and Kubernetes-based workloads, demand is increasing for cloud brokerage solutions that simplify management across distributed environments.

 

Cloud cost optimization has become a major adoption driver, with 84% of organizations identifying cloud spending management as a key challenge. This has accelerated the adoption of FinOps capabilities, with 59% of organizations establishing dedicated FinOps teams or practices to improve cloud financial visibility and resource utilization. Additionally, 60% of organizations use managed service providers (MSPs) for managing portions of their cloud environments, highlighting the growing reliance on external cloud management expertise.

 

Overall, Cloud Services Brokerage is evolving into a centralized management layer that enables enterprises to optimize multi-cloud operations, improve governance, and control cloud expenditure as digital infrastructure becomes increasingly distributed and complex.

 

Key Report Takeaways – Cloud Services Brokerage Market

By Service Type

• Cloud Integration services dominate with 42% share, contributing USD 3.49 billion in 2024, and are expected to grow at a CAGR of 17.5% during 2024–2030. Integration remains the leading service category as enterprises require workload connectivity, API management, application modernization, and interoperability across multiple cloud environments.

• Sourcing & Procurement services account for 31% share, equivalent to USD 2.57 billion in 2024, expanding at a CAGR of 15.8%. This segment is gaining adoption as enterprises increasingly rely on brokerage platforms for vendor comparison, cloud marketplace management, contract optimization, and centralized cloud purchasing.

• Support & Maintenance services represent 27% share with USD 2.24 billion revenue in 2024 and are projected to grow at a CAGR of 17.0%. Demand is increasing due to the need for continuous cloud monitoring, FinOps support, security management, and operational optimization across complex cloud estates.

 

By Deployment Model

• Public Cloud brokerage leads with 54% share, generating USD 4.48 billion in 2024, and is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 15.9%. The segment maintains leadership due to widespread adoption of hyperscale platforms, cloud marketplaces, and subscription-based enterprise applications.

• Hybrid Cloud brokerage accounts for 28% share, representing USD 2.32 billion in 2024, and is the fastest-growing deployment segment with a CAGR of 19.2%. Growth is driven by enterprises balancing cloud scalability with regulatory compliance, workload portability, and legacy infrastructure integration.

• Private Cloud brokerage holds 18% share, valued at USD 1.49 billion in 2024, growing at a CAGR of 14.5%. Adoption remains concentrated among highly regulated sectors requiring dedicated infrastructure, stronger data control, and customized governance frameworks.

 

By Platform Type

• Internal Brokerage Enablement dominates with 58% share, contributing USD 4.81 billion in 2024, and is projected to grow at a CAGR of 16.2%. Large enterprises increasingly deploy internal brokerage capabilities to standardize cloud consumption, improve governance, and control multi-cloud spending.

• External Brokerage Enablement represents 42% share, equivalent to USD 3.49 billion in 2024, and is expected to expand at a CAGR of 17.6%. This segment is gaining momentum among organizations seeking managed cloud advisory, procurement assistance, migration support, and third-party cloud optimization expertise.

 

By Organization Size

• Large Enterprises account for 62% share, generating USD 5.15 billion in 2024, with a CAGR of 16.0%. Large organizations lead adoption due to complex cloud environments, higher multi-cloud usage, regulatory requirements, and demand for centralized governance.

• Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs) represent 38% share, valued at USD 3.15 billion in 2024, and are expected to grow at a CAGR of 18.2%. SMEs are the fastest-growing customer group as brokerage platforms reduce cloud management complexity and provide access to enterprise-level cloud expertise without large internal teams.

 

By End User

• IT & Telecom dominates with 31% share, contributing USD 2.57 billion in 2024, and is projected to grow at a CAGR of 16.5%. High cloud workload intensity, network modernization, and demand for multi-provider orchestration support continued leadership.

• BFSI accounts for 27% share with USD 2.24 billion revenue in 2024, expanding at a CAGR of 17.3%. Financial institutions are increasing adoption due to strict compliance requirements, cloud risk management, cybersecurity governance, and workload modernization.

• Healthcare holds 14% share, representing USD 1.16 billion in 2024, and is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 18.1%. Adoption is accelerating as healthcare organizations require secure cloud environments for electronic health records, analytics, AI workloads, and regulatory compliance.

• Retail & eCommerce contributes 11% share with USD 0.91 billion in 2024 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 15.9%. Growth is supported by digital commerce expansion, customer analytics, and demand for scalable cloud infrastructure.

• Government accounts for 9% share, valued at USD 0.75 billion in 2024, growing at a CAGR of 16.8%. Cloud brokerage adoption is increasing due to sovereign cloud requirements, procurement transparency, and modernization of public-sector IT systems.

• Other industries represent 8% share, contributing USD 0.66 billion in 2024, with a CAGR of 15.5%. Manufacturing, education, logistics, and professional services are gradually adopting brokerage solutions for cloud optimization and operational efficiency.

 

By Region

• North America leads the Cloud Services Brokerage Market with 39% share, generating USD 3.24 billion in 2024, and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 15.6%. The region maintains dominance due to early enterprise cloud adoption, presence of major hyperscale providers, and strong demand for multi-cloud governance solutions.

• Europe holds 28% share, equivalent to USD 2.32 billion in 2024, expanding at a CAGR of 16.3%. Growth is supported by data sovereignty requirements, regulatory compliance, and increasing enterprise adoption of hybrid cloud architectures.

• Asia Pacific represents 24% share, contributing USD 1.99 billion in 2024, and is the fastest-growing region with a CAGR of 19.8%. Expansion is driven by rapid digital transformation, cloud migration among enterprises, increasing adoption of local cloud ecosystems, and growth of regulated industries.

• Rest of the World accounts for 9% share, valued at USD 0.75 billion in 2024, growing at a CAGR of 15.1%. Adoption is increasing across emerging markets as organizations modernize IT infrastructure and move toward managed cloud consumption models.

 

Recent Developments in the Cloud Services Brokerage Market

• February 25, 2026: SoftwareOne announced its launch as an authorized Google Cloud Distributor across multiple global markets, expanding access to Google Cloud, Google Workspace, and Gemini Enterprise through its partner ecosystem. The initiative strengthens SoftwareOne’s role in cloud services brokerage by enabling centralized procurement, distribution, and cloud lifecycle management capabilities for enterprises and channel partners. (Source: SoftwareOne becomes authorized Google Cloud Distributor)

• November 5, 2025: Amazon Web Services expanded AWS Marketplace in India by enabling local currency transactions and broader participation from Indian technology providers. The marketplace expansion supports Cloud Services Brokerage adoption by simplifying enterprise software procurement, centralized billing, governance, and management of third-party cloud solutions. (Source: AWS Expands AWS Marketplace in India)

• September 2025: Canopy and CUDO Compute announced a strategic partnership to combine cloud brokerage capabilities with high-performance GPU infrastructure access. The collaboration enables enterprises to optimize specialized cloud workloads through vendor-neutral cloud advisory, infrastructure sourcing, and multi-cloud management services. (Source: Canopy and CUDO Compute partnership announcement)

• January 29, 2025: ServiceNow and SoftwareOne announced a strategic partnership combining ServiceNow workflow automation with SoftwareOne’s cloud and software expertise to optimize enterprise cloud investments. The collaboration supports Cloud Services Brokerage demand by improving cloud cost management, governance, and modernization workflows. (Source: ServiceNow and SoftwareOne Strategic Partnership)

• May 7, 2025: ServiceNow introduced Workflow Data Fabric and expanded ecosystem integrations with AWS, Microsoft, Oracle, and other technology providers to improve enterprise data connectivity and workflow automation. The development supports Cloud Services Brokerage evolution by enabling better orchestration, governance, and management across distributed cloud environments. (Source: ServiceNow Workflow Data Fabric announcement)

 

Market Trends and Innovation Landscape

The cloud services brokerage (CSB) market is undergoing significant innovation as it adapts to rapidly evolving enterprise needs and an increasingly complex multi-cloud environment. Between 2024 and 2030, several transformative trends will redefine the brokerage landscape, from platform automation and embedded AI to integrated security governance and vertical-specific offerings.

AI-Driven Cloud Orchestration
A major trend reshaping the CSB ecosystem is the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) into cloud management platforms. CSBs are embedding intelligent engines capable of:

• Predictive resource allocation

• Anomaly detection in cloud consumption

• Automated cost governance recommendations

• Real-time compliance monitoring across providers

According to industry insiders, "AI integration into CSB tools is now a must-have feature for dynamic workload scaling, especially in environments with fluctuating demand such as gaming, streaming, and financial analytics."

 

Low-Code/No-Code Brokerage Interfaces

Enterprise IT departments are demanding simplified brokerage experiences. In response, vendors are launching low-code or no-code brokerage dashboards that allow non-technical teams to manage service provisioning, access controls, and compliance policies without scripting or backend knowledge.

This democratization of cloud governance is enabling faster adoption across mid-market organizations and reducing IT bottlenecks in large enterprises.

 

Vertical-Specific Brokerage Platforms

Industry-specific CSB platforms are gaining traction, particularly in regulated sectors like:

• Healthcare (HIPAA, HL7 integration)

• Finance (PCI-DSS, SOX)

• Government ( FedRAMP, ITAR)

These platforms offer pre-configured compliance templates, secure data residency options, and integration with industry-standard tools.

“We’re seeing a rise in healthcare-native brokerage services that pre-integrate with EHRs, medical imaging, and patient privacy workflows,” notes one product strategist at a leading CSB firm.

 

Cloud FinOps Integration

CSBs are increasingly blending Financial Operations (FinOps) into their offerings. These modules provide:

• Cloud cost visualization across teams and projects

• Policy-based spend controls

• Automated budget alerts

• Optimization playbooks

The demand for FinOps within CSBs is exploding as CFOs and CIOs collaborate more closely on cloud budgeting.

 

Security Brokerage and Compliance-as-a-Service

Security has moved to the forefront of brokerage innovation. Many CSBs now offer Security-as-a-Service layers, including:

• Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM)

• Identity & Access Management (IAM)

• End-to-end data encryption controls

• Continuous compliance auditing

This has given rise to “secure cloud brokers” that bundle governance, risk, and compliance (GRC) into their core service model.

 

Strategic Partnerships and Ecosystem Expansion

Brokerage vendors are forming alliances with major hyperscalers, ERP vendors, and cybersecurity firms to expand reach and capability. Notable examples include:

• Co-selling partnerships with AWS and Azure

• Integration alliances with ServiceNow and Salesforce

• Security stack partnerships with CrowdStrike, Zscaler, and Palo Alto Networks

Such collaborations allow brokers to deliver comprehensive cloud lifecycle services — from procurement to decommissioning — on a unified interface.

These innovation trends not only enable CSBs to differentiate themselves in a saturated market but also help address critical enterprise concerns like budget control, data protection, and multicloud visibility.

 

Competitive Intelligence and Benchmarking

The cloud services brokerage market is shaped by a mix of large cloud platform vendors, specialized brokerage firms, managed service providers (MSPs), and system integrators. Competitive strategies in this domain revolve around automation, integration breadth, compliance coverage, and ecosystem partnerships. The market is becoming increasingly fragmented with a growing number of niche and regional players entering with tailored offerings.

Below are 7 key companies that represent the strategic spectrum of the CSB industry:

IBM Corporation

IBM has positioned itself as a full-spectrum CSB provider, combining its hybrid cloud leadership with its Red Hat OpenShift platform. Through its Multicloud Manager and integration capabilities, IBM enables enterprise clients to manage diverse cloud environments while ensuring governance and compliance.

• Strategy : Emphasizes hybrid cloud enablement, automation, and AI-driven orchestration.

• Differentiator : Deep integration with legacy systems and robust security architecture.

• Reach : Global footprint with a strong focus on banking, healthcare, and public sector clients.

 

Accenture

As one of the world’s largest system integrators, Accenture delivers brokerage services via its Cloud First initiative. It provides custom cloud brokerage platforms that offer discovery, pricing analytics, and FinOps management.

• Strategy : Vertical-focused service delivery; end-to-end cloud lifecycle management.

• Differentiator : Strong vertical domain expertise and vendor-agnostic approach.

• Reach : Significant presence in North America, Europe, and Asia-Pacific.

 

Jamcracker

Jamcracker is a pioneer in CSB platforms, offering a white-label brokerage solution that supports multi-tenant provisioning, billing, and policy enforcement.

• Strategy : Platform-first model enabling telcos, MSPs, and government agencies to launch their own CSB solutions.

• Differentiator : API-rich architecture with customizable storefronts and billing engines.

• Reach : Strong in North America and growing traction in Middle Eastern and Asia-Pacific regions.

 

Cloudmore

Cloudmore offers a SaaS-based brokerage platform targeting mid-sized enterprises and service providers. It supports subscription management, automation of service provisioning, and unified billing across SaaS, IaaS, and custom services.

• Strategy : Simplify CSB adoption for SMEs and mid-tier IT service providers.

• Differentiator : Clean UX, real-time pricing visibility, and strong automation features.

• Reach : Primarily Europe-based, expanding into North America.

 

Arrow Electronics

Through its ArrowSphere platform, Arrow Electronics enables resellers and MSPs to act as CSBs. It allows for digital procurement, cloud catalog management, and customer lifecycle tools.

• Strategy : Empower distribution channels and MSPs with CSB capabilities.

• Differentiator : Massive vendor ecosystem and plug-and-play catalog features.

• Reach : Global operations, especially strong in B2B distribution networks.

 

Dell Technologies

Dell offers brokerage-like features through its multicloud solutions, allowing centralized management of cloud and on-premise assets. While not a pure-play CSB, its Apex Console and multicloud services operate in this adjacent space.

• Strategy : Bridge hybrid infrastructure with broker-like service visibility.

• Differentiator : Strong enterprise hardware + cloud integration capabilities.

• Reach : Global enterprise footprint, especially in manufacturing and government sectors.

 

RightScale (Now Flexera)

Acquired by Flexera, RightScale has transformed into a powerful cloud cost optimization and governance platform, often integrated into CSB workflows.

• Strategy : FinOps -first approach to cloud brokerage.

• Differentiator : Cost visualization, cloud spend benchmarking, and automation policy engines.

• Reach : Highly adopted in North America and parts of Western Europe.

The competitive landscape is moving toward convergence, where traditional IT service vendors are building CSB-like capabilities, and CSBs are expanding into compliance, FinOps, and vertical applications.

 

Regional Landscape and Adoption Outlook

The adoption and growth trajectory of the cloud services brokerage market varies significantly across regions due to differences in cloud maturity, digital transformation pace, regulatory frameworks, and enterprise IT readiness. While North America leads in terms of market size and platform sophistication, Asia Pacific is emerging as the fastest-growing region, driven by rapid digitization and cloud investments in developing economies.

North America

North America commands the largest share of the global CSB market — over 39% in 2024 — driven by a highly mature cloud ecosystem, enterprise-scale digital transformation initiatives, and a strong presence of both hyperscalers and platform enablers.

Key Growth Drivers :

• Widespread adoption of multi-cloud and hybrid cloud strategies

• High compliance requirements (e.g., HIPAA, SOX, CCPA)

• Integration with existing ITSM tools like ServiceNow and Splunk

United States : Leads the region due to strong enterprise IT budgets and continuous innovation.

Canada : Follows with strong adoption in healthcare and public sector due to centralization mandates and data residency compliance.

Enterprises in this region are early adopters of CSBs that offer advanced AI analytics, FinOps, and governance policy templates.

 

Europe

Europe has a well-established CSB market with increasing emphasis on data sovereignty, GDPR compliance, and cloud certification standards.

Key Markets :

• Germany and France are leading adopters, prioritizing secure multi-cloud environments in finance and industrial sectors.

• UK is showing rapid uptake of CSB tools that simplify cross-cloud procurement and spending control.

Regulatory Impact :

• EU-wide initiatives such as Gaia-X and Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA) are fostering the need for cloud governance tools that CSBs readily deliver.

Brokerage platforms in Europe must address strict cross-border data sharing protocols and offer fine-grained access controls.

 

Asia Pacific

Asia Pacific is the fastest-growing region, projected to expand at a CAGR exceeding 19.8% from 2024 to 2030, fueled by cloud-first policies and enterprise digitization in key economies.

Key Markets :

• China : Leading the regional shift with major investments in cloud-native government services.

• India : Experiencing explosive adoption of SaaS and PaaS platforms among SMEs and IT services firms.

• Australia & Singapore : Mature markets demanding cloud brokerage for regulated industries like banking and healthcare.

Adoption Trends :

• Government-backed cloud frameworks (e.g., India’s MeghRaj, Malaysia’s MyGovCloud ) are driving brokerage adoption for transparency and security.

“Asia Pacific is leapfrogging legacy IT structures, often implementing CSBs as foundational governance layers for their entire cloud stack,” notes a senior cloud advisor at a regional consultancy.

 

Latin America, Middle East & Africa (LAMEA)

Although still nascent, LAMEA holds long-term potential for CSB platforms, especially as governments and telecom providers begin to centralize their cloud strategies.

Latin America :

• Brazil is showing early adoption among fintechs and healthcare providers.

• Regional constraints such as limited data center density are increasing reliance on brokerage partners.

Middle East & Africa :

• Countries like UAE and Saudi Arabia are promoting national cloud strategies that will necessitate centralized brokerage and governance frameworks.

• In Africa, telcos and MSPs are beginning to offer CSB capabilities to support cloud adoption among local businesses.

White space opportunities exist in localized brokerage services with multilingual support, sovereign hosting, and region-specific compliance templates.

Each region's unique combination of cloud maturity, regulation, infrastructure, and enterprise readiness offers distinct opportunities and challenges for cloud service brokers. Vendors that tailor offerings to local requirements — while maintaining a globally unified platform — are best positioned to succeed.

 

End-User Dynamics and Use Case

The cloud services brokerage market serves a diverse set of end users, ranging from large multinational enterprises to mid-sized firms and public sector institutions. As cloud adoption matures, these stakeholders increasingly require robust platforms to manage service selection, cost control, governance, and security across complex, multi-provider environments.

Large Enterprises

Large organizations across verticals like banking, telecommunications, and manufacturing represent the biggest consumers of CSB platforms. These enterprises typically operate in multi-cloud environments, often managing dozens of SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS subscriptions.

Key Requirements:

• Unified dashboards to manage multi-provider contracts

• Cross-team access management and provisioning policies

• FinOps tools for real-time cost visibility and chargeback

• Vendor performance benchmarking and SLA tracking

Enterprises are transitioning from decentralized IT procurement to structured cloud orchestration governed through brokerage platforms — especially in scenarios involving international operations and regulatory compliance.

 

Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs)

Although traditionally slower adopters, SMEs are rapidly turning to SaaS-first ecosystems, creating demand for lightweight brokerage tools.

Drivers of Adoption:

• Need for cost visibility in pay-as-you-go cloud models

• Lack of in-house IT expertise for direct vendor negotiation

• Growing reliance on managed service providers (MSPs) offering brokerage-as-a-service

For SMEs, CSBs simplify access to enterprise-grade cloud services, often bundled through MSPs or resellers with regional language and pricing customizations.

 

IT & Telecom

IT service providers and telecom companies often act as brokers themselves. They offer customized CSB platforms or resell white-labeled brokerage tools to end users.

Revenue is often generated through:

• Cloud aggregation and resale

• Value-added services like managed security and monitoring

• Subscription management and customer onboarding automation

Telcos in regions like Southeast Asia and Eastern Europe are embedding CSB functionalities into their core offerings to differentiate from bandwidth-only services.

 

Healthcare

Healthcare institutions are embracing CSBs to manage:

• Cloud-based EHR (Electronic Health Records)

• Imaging platforms and AI-based diagnostics

• HIPAA-compliant data management systems

These users require vertical-specific compliance and fine-grained access controls. Additionally, procurement often occurs under tight budgets and in partnership with public health systems.

 

Retail & eCommerce

CSBs are becoming essential in this vertical due to the dynamic nature of workloads, frequent vendor switching, and multi-regional cloud usage (especially during peak shopping seasons).

Core brokerage features in use:

• Autoscaling recommendations

• Multi-cloud CDN selection

• Transactional SLA enforcement

 

Government and Public Sector

Governments increasingly rely on CSBs to operationalize national cloud frameworks. Brokers are used to standardize procurement across ministries, enforce data residency, and ensure regulatory alignment.

• CSBs also aid in vendor rationalization across hundreds of public agencies.

• Key growth is visible in defense and homeland security IT modernization programs.

 

Use Case Spotlight

Scenario: A Tertiary Hospital Network in South Korea

A large tertiary care hospital in Seoul transitioned from disparate legacy applications to a unified multi-cloud model to support AI diagnostics and remote patient monitoring. Managing services across Microsoft Azure, AWS, and a local Korean cloud provider proved challenging due to lack of centralized governance and billing complexity.

The hospital implemented a CSB platform tailored for healthcare, offering:

• Prebuilt compliance modules for HIPAA-equivalent Korean regulations

• AI-powered cost optimization for high-volume radiology imaging processing

• Role-based access controls for multi-department cloud usage

Within 12 months, the hospital achieved a 22% reduction in overall cloud spend and cut onboarding time for new digital tools by 45%, transforming its IT department into an internal service enabler rather than a bottleneck.

 

Opportunities & Restraints

Opportunities

• AI and Automation for Cost Optimization
  The integration of machine learning for dynamic workload allocation, auto-scaling, and predictive pricing creates immense value, particularly for cost-conscious sectors like healthcare and retail.

• Emerging Market Digital Transformation
  Rapid digitization in regions such as Southeast Asia, Africa, and Latin America creates untapped potential for CSB vendors offering localized, scalable solutions.

• Sovereign and Compliance-First Brokerage
  Rising demand for platforms that offer preconfigured templates for GDPR, HIPAA, and regional data residency regulations provides growth potential in regulated industries.

 

Restraints

• High Integration Complexity
  Many CSB solutions require significant customization to integrate with existing IT infrastructure, slowing deployment and increasing upfront costs for SMEs.

• Shortage of Cloud Governance Talent
  A lack of skilled professionals in multi-cloud orchestration and FinOps is limiting adoption, especially in emerging markets and mid-sized enterprises.

 

Report Coverage Table

Report Attribute	Details
Forecast Period	2024 – 2030
Market Size Value in 2024	USD 8.3 Billion
Revenue Forecast in 2030	USD 21.2 Billion
Overall Growth Rate	CAGR of 16.8% (2024 – 2030)
Base Year for Estimation	2024
Historical Data	2019 – 2023
Unit	USD Million/Billion, CAGR (2024 – 2030)
Segmentation	By Service Type, By Deployment Model, By Platform Type, By Organization Size, By End User, By Geography
By Service Type	Integration, Sourcing & Procurement, Support & Maintenance
By Deployment Model	Public Cloud, Private Cloud, Hybrid Cloud
By Platform Type	Internal Brokerage Enablement, External Brokerage Enablement
By Organization Size	SMEs, Large Enterprises
By End User	BFSI, Healthcare, IT & Telecom, Retail & eCommerce, Government, Others
By Region	North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East & Africa
Country Scope	U.S., UK, Germany, China, India, Japan, Brazil, etc.
Market Drivers	• AI-driven cost optimization • Rising cloud complexity • Regulatory-driven governance needs
Customization Option	Available upon request