Flooring Adhesive Market By Resin Type (Epoxy, Polyurethane, Acrylic, Vinyl Acetate Ethylene, Hybrid); By Flooring Type (Wood, Luxury Vinyl Tiles, Carpet Tiles, Ceramic & Stone Tiles, Laminate, Others); By Application Method (Wet-lay, Pressure-sensitive, Reactive); By End User (Residential, Commercial, Industrial, Institutional); By Geography, Segment Revenue Estimation, Forecast, 2024–2030.

Introduction And Strategic Context

The Global Flooring Adhesive Market will witness a moderate yet steady CAGR of 5.8%, valued at $7.6 billion in 2024, and projected to reach $11.2 billion by 2030, confirms Strategic Market Research.

 

This market sits at the intersection of construction, infrastructure development, and materials innovation. At its core, flooring adhesive isn’t just about bonding surfaces — it’s about enabling design freedom, enhancing durability, and supporting greener, faster building practices. And over the next five years, that role is only set to deepen.

 

Several forces are converging. Urban construction is rebounding in the post-pandemic cycle, especially across Asia and the Middle East. Modular construction methods and prefabricated flooring units are gaining traction. And sustainability regulations are reshaping what’s acceptable in terms of VOC emissions and product certifications. These shifts are pushing both legacy manufacturers and newcomers to overhaul their formulations — from solvent-based adhesives to hybrid and bio-based systems.

 

The market spans a surprisingly diverse user base. OEMs in vinyl, laminate, and wood flooring are key buyers, especially those integrating adhesives into click-lock or engineered plank systems. On-site contractors and flooring installation companies form another major segment — demanding user-friendly, quick-curing, and temperature-resistant adhesives for large-scale commercial projects. Even DIY users are a growing microsegment, particularly in North America and Europe, where consumer-grade adhesives for peel-and-stick tiles are becoming common.

 

At the same time, institutional stakeholders — like LEED certification bodies, occupational safety regulators, and construction specifiers — are playing a growing role in shaping the adhesive choices made on every project. This is no longer a commodity segment. Adhesives are now performance components — often determining warranty eligibility, indoor air quality ratings, and installation speed.

 

Geopolitics is also making an indirect mark. With rising tariffs on flooring imports in some markets, local manufacturing is rising — and with it, demand for adhesives that match regional climate and compliance standards. Not to mention, supply chain disruptions have elevated demand for adhesives with longer shelf lives and wider material compatibility.

 

The bigger picture? Flooring adhesives are moving from “supporting role” to “spec-driven necessity.” This shift is particularly visible in luxury vinyl tile (LVT), engineered wood, and high-traffic commercial spaces where adhesive failure means reputational and legal risk. It’s no longer enough to stick — adhesives have to seal, flex, cure fast, and last.

 

And from a strategy lens, this is a market ripe for reinvention. Bio-based adhesives are stepping into the spotlight, especially in Europe. AI-based quality control systems are being trialed in adhesive application tools. And smart packaging that reduces waste or improves shelf-stability could emerge as the next differentiator.

 

Market Segmentation And Forecast Scope

The flooring adhesive market breaks down across multiple axes — each reflecting how material compatibility, application method, and end-use context shape product preferences. The segmentation isn’t just technical; it’s deeply tied to installer behavior, regional building codes, and even brand strategy for flooring manufacturers.

 

By Resin Type

This is the most fundamental lens — adhesives are primarily defined by their chemical base. The main categories are:

• Epoxy adhesives Widely used in industrial and commercial flooring due to their strong bond strength, chemical resistance, and durability. These are ideal for factories, warehouses, and hospitals — any space where mechanical wear is high.

• Polyurethane adhesives Known for their flexibility and moisture resistance, making them the go-to for wood flooring and environments with variable humidity. Their growth is closely tied to the rise of engineered wood and floating floor systems.

• Acrylic adhesives These are gaining traction in LVT and carpet tile applications because of their quick set times and ease of use. Their water-based variants are especially attractive from a sustainability perspective.

• Vinyl acetate ethylene (VAE) and other hybrid systems Often used in budget applications or temporary installations, these offer acceptable performance at a lower cost, particularly in emerging markets.

Polyurethane adhesives currently account for the largest share of global demand — around 36% in 2024 — mainly due to their broad compatibility with wood, vinyl, and composite surfaces.

 

By Flooring Type

The type of flooring drives adhesive selection just as much as chemistry does. Categories include:

• Wood flooring

• Luxury Vinyl Tiles (LVT)

• Carpet tiles

• Ceramic and stone tiles

• Laminate flooring

• Others (e.g., rubber flooring, cork, bamboo)

LVT has been the fastest-growing segment, particularly in commercial and hospitality settings. Its popularity has forced adhesive makers to innovate around heat resistance and acoustic insulation — two weak points in traditional adhesive formulas.

Use case insight: A co-working chain in Europe recently transitioned to LVT in over 80% of its spaces, citing faster installation and better sound dampening. This shift tripled their adhesive spend per square meter due to higher performance specs required by building managers.

 

By Application Method

Installation process also dictates product design:

• Wet-lay adhesives Traditional but still widely used — especially for carpet and wood. These require timing precision and skilled labor.

• Pressure-sensitive adhesives Ideal for modular tiles and DIY products. Their reusability and ease of alignment are strong selling points.

• Reactive adhesives Cure through chemical reactions, offering exceptional bond strength. Best suited for industrial settings.

Pressure-sensitive systems are gaining favor, especially in the retail and office refurb markets, where downtime is expensive and quick-turn installs matter.

 

By End User

• Residential Driven by renovation cycles, aesthetic trends, and DIY activity — particularly in North America and parts of Western Europe.

• Commercial Includes offices, retail, hospitality, and healthcare. These environments demand adhesives that meet health codes, noise standards, and quick turnaround expectations.

• Industrial Heavy-duty use with little tolerance for adhesive failure. Facilities managers prioritize long-term performance and resistance to mechanical or chemical damage.

• Institutional and Public Infrastructure Often dictated by procurement rules, fire safety standards, and lifecycle cost analysis.

Commercial applications currently dominate the market, holding over 44% of global volume in 2024 — but residential demand is recovering as post-COVID renovation projects scale back up.

 

By Region

The global map breaks out into four broad zones:

• North America – Mature market with growing demand for low-VOC adhesives and greener options.

• Europe – Sustainability mandates are driving innovation, particularly in Germany, France, and Scandinavia.

• Asia Pacific – Largest growth contributor, especially from China, India, and Southeast Asia’s urban boom.

• Latin America, Middle East & Africa (LAMEA) – Still nascent, but local production growth and rising construction spending offer long-term potential.

 

Scope note: Many vendors now offer dual- or multi-application adhesives — for example, a polyurethane-acrylic hybrid that works across both wood and LVT. This blurs traditional segmentation and creates new product categories that didn’t exist five years ago.

 

Market Trends And Innovation Landscape

The flooring adhesive market isn’t usually seen as cutting-edge. But over the last few years, a quiet transformation has taken root — driven by material science, sustainability pressure, and real-world installation challenges. What’s emerging is a product category that’s smarter, safer, and far more strategic than before.

Sustainability Is No Longer Optional

Sustainable construction isn’t just a trend anymore — it’s a baseline expectation. Adhesive products are under growing scrutiny for their VOC emissions, recyclability, and impact on indoor air quality. In response, manufacturers are rapidly shifting toward water-based formulations, solvent-free adhesives, and even bio-based alternatives made from soy, starch, or castor oil.

Some companies are already showcasing adhesives with cradle-to-cradle certifications, aiming to align with LEED v4 and WELL Building standards. Europe is leading on this front, but ripple effects are being felt globally as importers and project developers demand verifiable green credentials.

Insight: One Tier-1 real estate developer in the Netherlands recently mandated that all adhesives used across its 2025 projects must carry an EC1PLUS certification — a requirement that’s forcing multiple vendors to reformulate their flagship products.

 

Fast-Cure and Low-Prep Formulas Are in Demand

Time is money — and nowhere is that more true than on construction sites. Installers and project managers are increasingly favoring adhesives that:

• Cure within a few hours

• Require minimal surface prep

• Remain workable in a wide temperature range

• Offer open times long enough for large area coverage

These properties aren’t just for convenience. They directly impact labor costs and risk of installation errors. In regions like the Middle East and Southeast Asia, where high humidity and heat pose unique challenges, fast-curing polyurethane systems with enhanced thermal resistance are quickly becoming standard.

 

Smart Packaging and Application Tools

Innovation isn’t limited to what’s inside the bucket. Several players are exploring smarter dispensing tools, like pre-metered cartridges, foil packs, and auto-mixing nozzles that cut waste and increase consistency.

This trend is particularly visible in high-end wood flooring, where adhesive amount and spread pattern can impact plank movement over time. Packaging formats that support batch-controlled usage, easy storage, and on-site disposal reduction are quietly becoming differentiators.

Use case highlight: A flooring contractor in Dubai reduced adhesive waste by 21% in a luxury hotel project by switching from standard drums to single-use applicator foil tubes with color -change curing indicators.

 

Hybrid and Multi-Surface Adhesives

One of the most interesting developments is the rise of hybrid adhesives. These combine the flexibility of polyurethane with the fast grip of acrylic — creating products that work across tile, wood, and vinyl without changing tools or primers.

This is reshaping inventory management for distributors and simplifying decisions for installers. It’s also a clear response to the growing preference for multi-material flooring projects — think LVT in one room, engineered wood in the next.

Hybrid products are still a small slice of the market but are growing fast, especially in the mid-to-high-end commercial segment.

 

AI and Sensor-Based Monitoring (Emerging)

Although still in early stages, a few manufacturers and tech startups are piloting sensor-embedded flooring systems where adhesive bond quality can be remotely monitored — particularly in critical environments like hospitals or labs. This could open the door for predictive maintenance models and insurance-backed flooring warranties.

AI isn’t being used to formulate adhesives yet, but it’s already influencing application pattern optimization in automated installation systems, particularly in industrial settings.

 

Strategic R&D and Industry Partnerships

Companies aren’t going it alone. Joint ventures between adhesive manufacturers, flooring OEMs, and academic institutions are becoming more common. These partnerships focus on:

• VOC elimination

• Adhesion to recycled or composite subfloors

• Low-noise underlay integration

• Durability across climate zones

 

Competitive Intelligence And Benchmarking

The flooring adhesive market may not grab headlines, but it’s a battleground for chemistry, compliance, and channel control. Competition here is shaped less by who has the flashiest R&D and more by who can deliver reliability, regulatory alignment, and installer confidence across markets. That said, we’re seeing clear differentiation emerge as players pivot from commodity models to more value-driven, performance-based portfolios.

Henkel

Henkel is arguably the most globally entrenched player in the adhesive landscape, with strong market share in both construction and industrial applications. Its LOCTITE and Technomelt brands are widely used across flooring projects, particularly in commercial and industrial settings.

Their edge lies in vertical integration and formulation agility — they’ve been quick to introduce low-VOC, water-based, and hybrid adhesive systems tailored to flooring installers. Henkel also invests heavily in education, offering training modules and certified installer programs that deepen brand stickiness.

 

Bostik (Arkema Group)

Bostik positions itself as a flooring systems partner — not just an adhesive supplier. Their strength lies in multi-layer flooring solutions, which include underlayments, moisture barriers, and specialty adhesives. Their products are especially visible in high-end wood and resilient flooring.

The company is aggressively pushing bio-based adhesives in Europe and expanding its smart adhesive technology lines. Their ability to co-develop solutions with flooring OEMs has made them a preferred partner in modular flooring systems.

Note: Bostik has been actively acquiring regional adhesive specialists in Asia and Latin America — expanding their footprint while adapting to local materials and labor dynamics.

 

Sika AG

Sika is known for high-performance construction chemicals, and flooring adhesives are a logical extension of that strength. Their SikaBond series is widely used in wood flooring installations, particularly in residential and commercial renovations where moisture and substrate variability are common.

They stand out in moisture control systems, offering adhesives that double as vapor barriers. This gives them an edge in North America and Southeast Asia — regions where humidity and substrate moisture wreak havoc on traditional installations.

Sika’s strength is its ability to bundle adhesives with its broader flooring ecosystem — including levelling compounds and sealants — making them a one-stop spec option for contractors.

 

Mapei

Mapei is deeply embedded in the tile and stone adhesive world, but it has a growing presence in the wood and vinyl flooring space as well. The company focuses on technical performance, with formulations tailored for acoustic damping, moisture variability, and subfloor compatibility.

They’re well known for their Mapefloor systems, and are increasingly pushing solvent-free, EC1-rated adhesives in Western Europe. Their distributor network is particularly strong, allowing them to respond quickly to local demand shifts.

Mapei also maintains tight relationships with construction specifiers — giving them strong pull-through influence at the architectural level.

 

Roberts (a QEP Company)

Roberts is a key player in the North American market, focusing on the mid-range and DIY segments. Their adhesives are commonly found in big-box retailers and are optimized for ease of use, fast setting, and compatibility with a broad range of surfaces.

What they lack in specialty formulations, they make up for in accessibility. Their strength lies in product breadth, clear labelling, and installer trust — particularly in fast-moving renovation and residential retrofit projects.

Use case insight: A mid-size flooring contractor in Texas reported switching to Roberts’ universal adhesive for vinyl and laminate to reduce SKU complexity across job sites. The tradeoff in bond strength was acceptable given speed and supply consistency.

 

W.F. Taylor (Taylor Adhesives)

Taylor is carving out a niche in green adhesive solutions, targeting LEED-compliant and WELL-certified projects. Their strength lies in formaldehyde-free, solvent-free products designed for LVT, carpet tile, and wood flooring. They’ve positioned themselves as a brand that meets both contractor convenience and environmental scrutiny.

Their marketing focuses less on volume and more on project performance stories, especially in high-profile schools, government buildings, and healthcare facilities where air quality and safety are critical.

 

Competitive Landscape Summary

• Henkel and Sika dominate through chemical versatility and bundled offerings.

• Bostik and Taylor lead in sustainability-driven segments and high-performance specialty use cases.

• Mapei wins on technical trust and European compliance.

• Roberts serves cost-sensitive, retail-focused, and fast-install markets.

 

Regional Landscape And Adoption Outlook

There’s no one-size-fits-all strategy when it comes to flooring adhesives. What sells in Frankfurt won’t move in Mumbai. The global market is shaped by a patchwork of construction practices, climate conditions, labor norms, and policy frameworks. And that means regional nuance is critical — not just for go-to-market, but also for product development and compliance strategy.

North America

North America is a mature market — and that maturity shows in the buying behavior. Buyers are specification-led, not price-led. Low-VOC adhesives, green building compliance, and multi-surface compatibility are now baseline expectations.

In the U.S., institutional buyers — universities, hospitals, government buildings — often mandate LEED or WELL certification, making water-based and solvent-free adhesives a must. Contractors also prioritize adhesives that perform well in varying climates and subfloor types, especially across humid southeastern states and dry western zones.

Canada mirrors U.S. trends but with an even stronger tilt toward sustainability and acoustic performance, particularly in urban residential towers.

Use case insight: A major flooring distributor in California has shifted 70% of its adhesive stock to zero-VOC or EC1-certified products due to state-level restrictions and consumer demand. That shift has doubled demand for training on new application methods — especially for water-based systems.

 

Europe

Europe is where regulation drives innovation. Countries like Germany, France, and the Nordics are years ahead in terms of sustainability mandates, indoor air quality standards, and restrictions on solvent use. This has made Europe a hotbed for bio-based adhesives, formaldehyde-free formulas, and hybrid products.

What’s also unique is the role of standardization bodies and public procurement frameworks. These often specify not just product performance but lifecycle emissions, ease of recycling, and even packaging waste metrics.

Eastern Europe is catching up fast. Construction is booming in countries like Poland and Romania — and flooring adhesives are part of that equation. That said, price sensitivity is higher here, so mid-range hybrid systems tend to do better than high-end green adhesives.

Western Europe leads in R&D. Eastern Europe leads in volume growth.

 

Asia Pacific

This is the fastest-growing region, but it’s also the most fragmented. In countries like China, India, and Vietnam, rapid urbanization and middle-class growth are fueling flooring installations at scale — from luxury condominiums to shopping centers and educational buildings.

China is already seeing shifts toward greener adhesives, partly due to central regulations and partly due to export-driven flooring manufacturing. India, on the other hand, remains highly cost-sensitive but is moving toward more moisture-resistant and fast-curing adhesives due to the monsoon climate and labor variability.

Southeast Asia offers major opportunity — especially for multi-surface adhesives and smarter packaging systems that reduce waste on large public projects.

Japan and South Korea are niche but sophisticated markets. Aging infrastructure upgrades and minimalist interior trends are driving adhesive demand in both new builds and renovations. Adhesives here must meet tight odor, cure time, and thermal resistance specs due to smaller living spaces and HVAC sensitivity.

Insight: A flooring OEM in South Korea recently co-developed a modular wood plank system with a regional adhesive supplier — combining low-VOC glue with sound-absorbing layers to cater to high-density apartment regulations.

 

Latin America, Middle East, and Africa (LAMEA)

This region is where potential outpaces penetration. In Latin America, Brazil and Mexico lead in commercial construction, where imported flooring is common and adhesives must match foreign specifications. Still, much of the adhesive demand is met by local producers, often using older solvent-based formulas due to pricing pressure.

In the Middle East, mega-projects like NEOM in Saudi Arabia or Expo City in Dubai are creating a surge in demand for high-performance adhesives — especially those resistant to heat and sand abrasion. There’s also increasing interest in self- leveling adhesive products, given the scale and speed of installations required.

Africa remains early-stage. Basic availability, price, and durability matter more than VOC compliance. That said, NGO-backed housing programs and international school projects are introducing demand for safer adhesives in select segments.

 

Key Regional Dynamics at a Glance

• North America : Driven by compliance and installer preference. Green adhesives are table stakes.

• Europe : Regulation-heavy but innovation-rich. Leading the charge in sustainable bonding solutions.

• Asia Pacific : Highest volume growth. Balancing cost, climate challenges, and modernization.

• LAMEA : Mixed maturity. Local production dominates, but imports are shaping high-end project standards.

 

End-User Dynamics And Use Case

Flooring adhesive demand doesn’t start with chemistry — it starts with who’s applying it, under what constraints, and for what type of project. Whether it’s a single contractor doing a school gym or a multinational flooring brand sourcing for pre-attached plank systems, the end user shapes the buying decision. And the market reflects that diversity — in expectations, in product formats, and in value drivers.

Contractors and Installers

This is the group closest to the product — and often the loudest voice in brand selection. Flooring installers typically prefer adhesives that:

• Are forgiving in terms of open time

• Cure fast without sacrificing bond strength

• Perform well across different substrates

Their concerns are practical: application ease, spreadability, temperature range, and reliability under real-world jobsite conditions.

In both commercial and residential settings, installer loyalty can determine repeat brand use. This has made training, jobsite support, and local distributor relationships powerful competitive levers.

Insight: A contractor in Florida installing vinyl planks across retail chains switched to a hybrid pressure-sensitive adhesive after three callbacks related to tile lifting in humid conditions. The switch eliminated complaints and became their default spec — even though the unit cost was 18% higher.

 

Residential Homeowners and DIY Users

This segment is small in volume but growing fast in developed markets. Thanks to peel-and-stick formats, video tutorials, and the rise of influencer-driven home improvement trends, consumer-grade adhesives are seeing real traction.

These buyers prioritize:

• Ease of use

• Safety (low odor, non-toxic)

• Availability through retail or e-commerce

• Visual clarity in packaging and instructions

In many cases, these are pre-attached adhesive systems bundled into LVT or laminate products, so the true adhesive buyer is the flooring OEM — not the homeowner. Still, the DIY mindset is reshaping product development downstream.

 

Flooring Manufacturers and OEMs

This group operates at scale and values adhesives as an embedded feature, not an add-on. In floating floor systems or click-lock designs, adhesive tapes or pre-applied layers are now part of the manufacturing line.

Key needs include:

• Adhesives compatible with automation

• Predictable shelf life and cure behavior under factory conditions

• Compliance with export regulations (e.g., REACH, CARB)

OEMs are also driving the rise of modular adhesive systems — products designed to be repositionable or removable, supporting the circular economy narrative.

 

Commercial Project Developers

Whether it’s a hotel chain, co-working brand, or large office fit-out contractor, commercial buyers often approach adhesives through the lens of performance risk. They’re concerned with:

• Bond failure and associated warranty risk

• Downtime for repairs or replacements

• Compliance with building codes and environmental certifications

In multi-site rollouts, spec standardization is a major concern. They want one adhesive that works across surfaces, climates, and contractors — pushing demand toward universal or multi-surface systems.

 

Institutional Facilities and Government Projects

Hospitals, schools, government buildings — these environments come with strict procurement frameworks. Products must pass fire safety, air quality, and sometimes even antimicrobial testing. Adhesives here aren’t chosen by price, but by long-term performance and auditability.

What’s often overlooked is that many institutional buyers now require traceability and safety documentation during audits. That puts pressure on vendors to maintain consistent formulation and packaging integrity across regions.

 

Use Case: Large-Scale School Renovation in the UK

A county government in the UK issued a tender for renovating 38 public school floors with new LVT. One of the non-negotiables in the RFP was the use of low-VOC, moisture-resistant adhesive that could be installed over aged concrete with minimal subfloor prep.

The winning vendor offered a hybrid water-based adhesive with a primerless application, cutting installation time by 23%. The installer team also used a color -change indicator built into the adhesive to track cure progress without touch-testing. This avoided installation delays and met all EN indoor air quality standards.

 

Recent Developments + Opportunities & Restraints

Recent Developments (Last 2 Years)

• Bostik launched a new water-based adhesive for luxury vinyl flooring in 2023, designed to meet strict LEED and WELL certification requirements across North America and Europe. The formula allows for high grab and repositionability during installation.

• Sika introduced a moisture-curing hybrid adhesive system in 2024, combining polyurethane flexibility with acrylic speed. The product targets rapid installation scenarios in high-humidity regions, particularly Southeast Asia.

• Taylor Adhesives unveiled a line of formaldehyde-free adhesives for commercial wood flooring in early 2024, now in pilot use across several U.S. school districts. The product supports ASTM D6007 compliance and contributes to low-emission building certifications.

• Mapei expanded its European production capacity in 2023 by opening a dedicated flooring adhesive plant in Poland, aiming to reduce logistics costs and serve fast-growing Eastern European construction markets.

• A materials startup based in Finland developed a bio-resin adhesive derived from forest waste — now being tested by two flooring manufacturers for use in modular systems. Early trials suggest comparable bond strength with a 40% reduction in embedded carbon.

 

Opportunities

• Green Building Compliance is Now the Norm
  Governments and corporate developers are demanding adhesives with ultra-low VOCs, recyclable packaging, and third-party certifications. Vendors able to meet EC1PLUS, GREENGUARD, or similar standards are gaining preferred vendor status on institutional projects.

• Rising Modular Flooring Demand
  As click-lock and peel-and-stick formats grow, there's an emerging need for pre-applied adhesives that are durable, repositionable, and clean-release. This opens up OEM collaboration opportunities for specialty adhesive vendors.

• Emerging Markets are Upgrading
  Countries like Indonesia, Kenya, and Peru are modernizing public infrastructure. Flooring adhesives that offer multi-surface compatibility, minimal prep, and training support can capture share in these fast-moving, resource-limited environments.

 

Restraints

• Raw Material Price Volatility
  Key inputs like isocyanates and acrylic polymers have experienced pricing fluctuations due to global supply chain disruptions. This squeezes margins and makes long-term vendor agreements harder to negotiate.

• Installer Skill Gap in Emerging Regions
  Even where demand is rising, lack of trained installers makes adoption of high-performance or specialty adhesives risky. In some markets, adhesives are underutilized or misapplied, leading to brand damage and warranty issues.

 

7.1. Report Coverage Table

Report Attribute	Details
Forecast Period	2024 – 2030
Market Size Value in 2024	USD 7.6 Billion
Revenue Forecast in 2030	USD 11.2 Billion
Overall Growth Rate	CAGR of 5.8% (2024 – 2030)
Base Year for Estimation	2024
Historical Data	2019 – 2023
Unit	USD Million, CAGR (2024 – 2030)
Segmentation	By Resin Type, Flooring Type, Application Method, End User, Region
By Resin Type	Epoxy, Polyurethane, Acrylic, VAE, Hybrid
By Flooring Type	Wood, Luxury Vinyl Tiles, Carpet Tiles, Ceramic & Stone, Laminate, Others
By Application Method	Wet-lay, Pressure-sensitive, Reactive
By End User	Residential, Commercial, Industrial, Institutional
By Region	North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East & Africa
Country Scope	U.S., Canada, Germany, UK, China, India, Brazil, GCC countries, etc.
Market Drivers	- Demand for low-VOC and sustainable adhesives - Growth in modular and engineered flooring - Accelerated urban development in Asia and Africa
Customization Option	Available upon request